🕰️ The Time Machine

Every chapter of this course ends by translating the same 20 held-out sentences. This page puts all of those outputs side by side: drag the slider through seventy-five years of machine translation, or trace a single sentence across every era.

Outputs for the neural eras come from this course’s own systems and pre-computed reference runs; outputs for the 1954–2003 eras are illustrative reconstructions of each paradigm’s characteristic behaviour (and characteristic mistakes).

Browse by era Trace one sentence

Quality (illustrative BLEU)